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Translated by H. D. F. KittoEdited with an introduction and notes by Edith HallLove and loyalty, hatred and revenge, fear, deprivation, and political ambition: these are the motives which thrust the characters portrayed in these three Sophoclean masterpieces on to their collision course with catastrophe.Recognized in his own day as perhaps the greatest of the Greek tragedians, Sophocles' reputation has remained undimmed for two and a half thousand years. His greatest innovation in the tragic medium was his development of a central tragic figure, facedwith a test of will and character, risking obloquy and death rather than compromise his or her principles: it is striking that Antigone and Electra both have a woman as their intransigent 'hero'. Antigone dies rather neglect her duty to her family,Oedipus' determination to save his city results in the horrific discovery that he has committed both incest and parricide, and Electra's unremitting anger at her mother and her lover keeps her in servitude and despair.These vivid translations combine elegance and modernity, and are remarkable for their lucidity and accuracy. Their sonorous diction, economy, and sensitivity to the varied metres and modes of the original musical delivery make them equally suitable forreading or theatrical peformance.

This prose translation of the Odyssey is so successful that it has taken its place as one of the few really outstanding versions of Homer's famous epic poem. It is the story of the return of Odysseus from the siege of Troy to his home in Ithaca, and ofthe vengeance he takes on the suitors of his wife Penelope. Odysseus's account of his adventures since leaving Troy includes his encounter with the enchantress Circe, his visit to the Underworld, and the lure of the Sirens.Translated by Walter Shewring and with an introduction by G. S. KirkOxford World's Classics A famous and well-admired translation by Walter Shewring, which comes as close to the spirit of the original Greek as our language will allow With an introduction explaining the significance of the work to Greek literature and literature as a whole, the features that characterise Homers writing style, and the links between the work and the Trojan War Includes a glossary and index of names to help the reader unfamiliar with Greek literature follow the events and characters Includes several maps linking the literary events with real locations

*Oresteia is the collective name given to the three plays by Aeschylus, the founder of Greek tragedy, on the story of Agamemnon, Clytemnestra, and Orestes*This new translation is deliberately faithful to the original in meaning and tone, reproducing the dignity of Aeschylus' verse*Introduction offers an appreciation of the Oresteia in the context of dramatic poetry then and now*Detailed notes explain mythical, historical, and cultural phenomena and trace the complex linking of ideas and language in the plays*The translation uses the most authoritative critical edition of the Greek text*Includes textual appendix and mapAgamemnon *Libation Bearers *EumenidesAeschylus' Oresteia is the only trilogy to survive from Greek tragedy, and the religious and moral ideas it enacts afterwards influenced a great dramatic genre, as well as giving its three plays their lasting significance. In this family history, Fateand the gods decree that each generation will repeat the crimes and endure the suffering of their forebears. When Agamemnon is murdered by his wife, Clytemnestra, their son Orestes must avenge his father's death. Only Orestes' appeal to the goddessAthena saves him from his mother's Furies, breaking the bloody chain

'The story goes that a sow who had delivered a whole litter of piglets loudly accosted a lioness. How many children do you breed? asked the sow. I breed only one, said the lioness, but it is very well bred!'The fables of Aesop have become one of the most enduring traditions of European culture, ever since they were first written down nearly two millennia ago. Aesop was reputedly a tongue-tied slave who miraculously received the power of speech

Cicero (106-43 BC) was the greatest orator of the ancient world: he dominated the Roman courts, usually appearing for the defence. His speeches are masterpieces of persuasion: compellingly written, emotionally powerful, and somtimes hilariously funny.This book presents five of his most famous defences: of Roscius, falsely accused of murdering his father

Translated with introduction and notes by Robin Hard.* The only accurate, affordable edition of an ancient guide to Greek mythology.The only work of its kind to survive from classical antiquity, the Library of Apollodorus is a unique guide to Greek mythology, from the origins of the universe to the Trojan War.Apollodorus' Library has been used as a source book by classicists from the time of its compilation in the 1st-2nd century BC to the present, influencing writers from antiquity to Robert Graves. It provides a complete history of Greek myth, telling thestory of each of the great families of heroic mythology, and the various adventures associated with the main heroes and heroines, from Jason and Perseus to Heracles and Helen of Troy. As a primary source for Greek myth, as a reference work, and as anindication of how the Greeks themselves viewed their mythical traditions, the Library is indispensable to anyone who has an interest in classical mythology.Robin Hard's accessible and fluent translation is supplemented by comprehensive notes, a map and full genealogical tables. The introduction gives a detailed account of the Library's sources and situates it within the fascinating narrative traditions ofGreek mythology.ABOUT THE SERIES: For over 100 years Oxford World's Classics has made available the widest range of literature from around the globe. Each affordable volume reflects Oxford's commitment to scholarship, providing the most accurate text plus a wealth ofother valuable features, including expert introductions by leading authorities, helpful notes to clarify the text, up-to-date bibliographies for further study, and much more.

Translated by Emily Wilson- The fullest single-volume verse translation of Seneca's tragedies, this edition includes six major plays by one of the most prolific, versatile, and influential of all classical Latin writers.- Seneca is a writer for uncertain and violent times, whose plays are the product of a sensational and frightening period of history, and whose themes resonate today.- Emily Wilson's new translation is lively, readable, and accurate, and corresponds line-for-line to Seneca's Latin.- The Introduction provides a succinct account of Seneca's life and times, his philosophical beliefs, the literary form of the plays and their immense influence on European literature.- Includes an up-to-date bibliography and explanatory notes which identify mythological allusions.Phaedra * Oedipus * Medea * Trojan Women * Hercules Furens * ThyestesSeneca's plays are the product of a sensational, frightening, and oppressive period of history. Tutor to the emperor Nero, Seneca lived through uncertain and violent times, and his dramas depict the extremes of human behaviour. Rape, suicide,child-killing, incestuous love, madness and mutilation afflict the characters, who are obsessed and destroyed by their feelings. Passion is constantly set against reason, and passion wins out. Seneca forces us to think about the difference betweencompromise and hypocrisy, about what happens when emotions overwhelm judgement, and about how, if at all, a person can be good, calm, or happy in a corrupt society and under constant threat of death.Seneca was one of the most prolific, versatile, and influential of all classical Latin writers, and the only tragic playwright from ancient Rome whose work survives. This new edition of his six best plays captures Seneca's style in a verse translationthat is both lively and accurate.

Edited by Catalin Partenie This is the only selection of Plato's myths currently available. It brings together ten of the most celebrated Platonic myths from Plato's dialogues to make a perfect introduction to Plato's philosophy for new readers. The general introduction gives a brief account of the philosophical theories to which the myths refer and Plato's use of myth. The myths are self-contained stories and each one is prefaced by a short description of its setting and a summary of itsphilosophical meaning. The translations come from established OWC editions of the dialogues from which the myths are taken, together with useful explanatory notes, with three new translations by Robin Waterfield. Includes diagrammatic maps and an index of names.'Once upon a time there were just the gods

Translated by Niall RuddWith introduction and notes by William BarrJuvenal, writing between AD 110 and 130, was one of the greatest satirists of Imperial Rome. His powerful and witty attacks on the vices, abuses, and follies of the big city have been admired and used by many English writers, including Ben Jonson,Dryden, and most notably, Dr Johnson, who described his writing as `a mixture of gaiety and statelines, of pointed sentences and declamatory grandeur'.Juvenal has been seen as a stern moralist and, more recently, as an extravagant wit, and is acclaimed for his vivid description of the scenes which aroused his anger. He coined the famous phrase designating people `eager and anxious for two things

Euripides was one of the most popular and controversial of all Greek tragedians, and his plays are marked by an independence of thought, ingenious dramatic devices, and a subtle variety of register and mood. He is also remarkable for the prominence hegave to female characters, whether heroines of virtue or vice. In the ethically shocking Medea, the first known child-killing mother in Greek myth to perform the deed in cold blood manipulates her world in order to wreak vengeance on her treacheroushusband. Hippolytus sees Phaedra's confession of her passion for her stepson herald disaster, while Electra's heroine helps her brother murder their mother in an act that mingles justice and sin. Lastly, lighter in tone, the satyr drama, Helen, is anexploration of the impossibility of certitude as brilliantly paradoxical as the three famous tragedies.This new translation does full justice to Euripides's range of tone and gift for narrative. A lucid introduction provides substantial analysis of each play, complete with vital explanations of the traditions and background to Euripides's world.

- This is the first complete English translation of Books 41-45 of Livy's famous history of Rome in fifty years. It is the only paperback edition to include the Periochae, the summaries of Livy's entire 142 books, previously available in English only inLoeb's hardcover series.- These five books tell the story of Rome's last major war with Macedon and they have the special attraction of illustrating, in compact form, Livy's moral vision at the heart of his account of the Romans' past.- The excellent introduction considers the place of Livy's work in ancient historical writing, his sources and the historical background, the structure of these five books and their content.- Explanatory Notes draw attention to historical and literary questions and points of interest

New translation from the most up-to-date text available of Livy's all-encompassing history of Rome.'With a single announcement from a herald, all the cities of Greece and Asia had been set free

In this new translation the brilliant and impassioned descriptions of Augustine's colourful early life are conveyed to the English reader with accuracy and art.Augustine tells of his wrestlings to master his sexual drive, his rare ascent from a humble Algerian farm to the edge of the corridors of high power at the imperial court of Milan, and his renunciation of secular ambition and marriage as he recovered thefaith that his mother had taught him. It was in a Milan garden that Augustine finally achieved the act of will to Christian conversion, which he compared to a lazy man in bed finally deciding it is time to get up and face the day.

Robin Waterfield and Andrew ErskineAlexander * Demosthenes * Phocion * Eumenes * Demetrius * Pyrrhus * Agis and Cleomenes * Aratus * Philopoemen * FlamininusThis selection of ten Lives traces the history of Hellenistic Greece from the rise of Macedon and Alexander's conquest of the Persian empire to the arrival of the Romans. Plutarch's biographies of eminent politicians, rulers, and soldiers combine vividportraits of their subjects with a wealth of historical information

Translated by John Davie and with introduction and notes by Robert Cowan A new translation of Horace's satires and epistles that does full justice to the caustic, ribald style of the satires, together with an up-to-date critical introduction and notes. John Davie's prose translation perfectly captures the lively, scurrilous, and frequently hilarious style of the satires, and the warm and engaging persona of the more meditative epistles. Includes the important Ars poetica, the 'art of poetry', Horace's treatise on poetics in the form of advice to an aspiring writer, particularly of epic and drama. Robert Cowan's introduction and notes take account of the latest scholarship, and contextualize Horace's poems within the development of Roman satire and the themes of philosophy, morality, sex and gender, literary criticism, politics and patronage. Horace's works were hugely influential from the Renaissance to the present, on writers from Ben Jonson and Alexander Pope to W.H. Auden and Robert Frost.Gluttony, lust, and hypocrisy are just a few of the targets of Horace's Satires. Writing in the 30s BC, Horace exposes the vices and follies of his Roman contemporaries, while still finding time to reflect on how to write good satire and along the wayrevealing his own persona to be as flawed and bigoted as the people he attacks. Alongside famous episodes such as the fable of the town mouse and the country mouse, the explosive fart of Priapus, and the grotesque dinner party given by the nouveau-richeNasidienus, these poems are stuffed full of comic vignettes, moral insights, and Horace's pervasive humanity. They influenced not only Persius and Juvenal but the long tradition of English satire, from Ben Jonson to W. H. Auden. These new prosetranslations by John Davie perfectly capture the ribald style of the original.In the Epistles, Horace uses the form of letters to his friends, acquaintances, foremen, and even the emperor to explore questions of philosophy and how to live a good life

Translated by A. D. MelvilleEdited with introduction and notes by E. J. Kenney An accessible and modern translation Includes comprehensive explanatory notes, making the poetic verse accessible and revealing contextual and literary features Contains a glossary and index of names to help the reader follow the developments and characters in the text Includes a bibliographyThe theme of the Metamorphoses is change and transformation, as illustrated in Graeco-Roman myth and legend. On this ostensibly unifying thread Ovid strings together a vast and kaleidoscopic sequence of brilliant narratives, in which the oftenparadoxical and always arbitrary fates of his human and divine characters reflect the never-ending flux and reflux of the universe itself.

The Jewish WarJosephusMartin Hammond and Edited by Martin GoodmanOxford World's Classics- A new translation of Josephus' Jewish Wars, whose history is without parallel in the surviving documents of the Roman Empire- Introduction and notes by an acknowledged authority on Roman and Jewish history Martin Goodman- Martin Hammond's translation gives a vivid sense of the energy, variety, and literary skill of Josephus' great work- Full maps and plans to clarify the regions and places mentioned in the text- Comprehensive analytical index

*A new translation of books 21 to 30 of Livy's famous history, which contains the definitive ancient account of Hannibal's invasion of Italy in 218 BC.*The translation is based on the most recent Latin editions and is vivd and elegant while remaining close to Livy's Latin.*The notes are far more detailed than any other edition, by a scholar well known for his work on Hannibal and his times.*The comprehensive introduction examines Livy, his work, his historical accuracy, his sources, and the course of Hannibal's campaign.*The edition includes a glossary of Roman and Carthaginian terms, a chronological table, an index, and a series of detailed maps.*The route of Hannibal from the south of Spain over the Alps to Italy is thoroughly discussed in an appendix.'You know how to win a battle, Hannibal

Cicero's The Republic is an impassioned plea for responsible governement written just before the civil war that ended the Roman Republic in a dialogue following Plato. Drawing on Greek political theory, the work embodies the mature reflections of a Romanex-consul on the nature of political organization, on justice in society, and on the qualities needed in a statesman. Its sequel, The Laws, expounds the influential doctrine of Natural Law, which applies to all mankind, and sets out an ideal code for areformed Roman Republic, already half in the realm of utopia.This is the first complete English translation of both works for over sixty years and features a lucid Introduction, a Table of Dates, notes on the Roman constitution, and an Index of Names.ABOUT THE SERIES: For over 100 years Oxford World's Classics has made available the widest range of literature from around the globe. Each affordable volume reflects Oxford's commitment to scholarship, providing the most accurate text plus a wealth ofother valuable features, including expert introductions by leading authorities, helpful notes to clarify the text, up-to-date bibliographies for further study, and much more.

Translated by Elaine Fantham Stoic philosopher and tragedian Seneca's letters to his friend Lucilius are powerful moral essays that are equally illuminating about Seneca's personal life and the turbulent times in which he lived. This is the largest selection of his letterscurrently available. Elaine Fantham's new translation is accurate and readable. Short headnotes to each letter summarize its themes and parallels with other letters. The wide-ranging selection includes letters with literary, social, and political content. The Introduction discusses Seneca's family and political career, his many and varied writings, the nature of the letters as genuine epistles or fiction, their philosophical concerns and social and cultural aspects. Full explanatory notes gloss customs and persons mentioned and other allusions. Separate indexes of Persons and of Places and Things.'You ask what is the proper measure of wealth? The best measure is to have what is necessary, and next best, to have enough. Keep well!'The letters written by the Stoic philosopher and tragedian Seneca to his friend Lucilius are in effect moral essays, whose purpose is to reinforce Lucilius' struggle to achieve wisdom and serenity, uninfluenced by worldly emotions. Seneca advises hisfriend on how to do without what is superfluous, whether on the subject of happiness, riches, reputation, or the emotions. The letters include literary critical discussions, moral exhortation, exemplary heroes and episodes from Roman history, and a luridpicture of contemporary luxury. We learn about Seneca's household and estates and about life in the time of Nero

Marcus Tullius Cicero (106-43 BC), Rome's greatest orator, had a career of intense activity in politics, the law courts and the administration, mostly in Rome. His fortunes, however, followed those of Rome, and he found himself driven into exile in 58BC, only to return a year later to a city paralyzed by the domination of Pompey, Crassus, and Caesar. Cicero, though a senior statesman, struggled to maintain his independence and it was during these years that, frustrated in public life, he firststarted to put his excess energy, stylistic brilliance, and superabundant vocabulary into writing these works of philosophy. The three dialogues collected here are the most accessible of Cicero's works, written to his friends Atticus and Brutus, with theintent of popularizing philosophy in Ancient Rome. They deal with the everyday problems of life

Cicero's philosophical works are now exciting renewed interest, in part because he provides vital evidence of the views of the (largely lost) Greek philosophers of the Hellenistic age, and partly because of the light he casts on the intellectual life offirst century Rome. The Nature of the Gods is a text of central significance, presenting a detailed account of the theologies of the Epicureans and of the Stoics, together with the critical objections to these doctrines raised by the Academic school.When these Greek theories of deity are translated into the Roman context, a fascinating clash of ideologies results. This fine translation by P. G. Walsh includes a summary of the Text, and an Index and Glossary of Names.ABOUT THE SERIES: For over 100 years Oxford World's Classics has made available the widest range of literature from around the globe. Each affordable volume reflects Oxford's commitment to scholarship, providing the most accurate text plus a wealth ofother valuable features, including expert introductions by leading authorities, helpful notes to clarify the text, up-to-date bibliographies for further study, and much more.

A Selection of Eight LivesTranslated by Robin WaterfieldEdited by Philip A. Stadter*Superb new translation*The most comprehensive selection availableMarcus CatoSullaAemilius PaullusPompeyThe GracchiMariusJulius CaesarAnthony'I treat the narrative of the Lives as a kind of mirror...The experience is like nothing so much as spending time in their company and living with them: I receive and welcome each of them in turn as my guest.'In the eight lives of this collection Plutarch introduces the reader to the major figures and periods of classical Rome. He portrays virtues to be emulated and vices to be avoided, but his purpose is also implicitly to educate and warn those in his ownday who wielded power. In prose that is rich, elegant and sprinkled with learned references, he explores with an extraordinary degree of insight the interplay of character and political action. While drawing chiefly on historical sources, he brings tobiography a natural story-teller's ear for a good anecdote. Throughout the ages Plutarch's Lives have been valued for their historical value and their charm. This new translation will introduce new generations to his urbane erudition. The mostcomprehensive selection available, it is accompanied by a lucid introduction, explanatory notes, bibliographies, maps and indexes.

Edited and translated by David GallopThese new translations present Plato's remarkable dramatization of the momentous events surrounding the trial of Socrates in 399 BC, on charges of irreligion and corrupting the young. The Euthyphro, Defence of Socrates, and Crito form a dramatic andthematic sequence, raising fundamental questions about the basis of moral, religious, legal, and political obligation. Plato explores these issues with a freshness and directness that have never been surpassed.In the Defence of Socrates, Plato seeks not only to clear his master's name, but also to defend the whole Socratic way of life, and therefore philosophy itself. The result is an oratorical masterpiece. The Euthyphro, an inquiry into the nature of piety,probes the relationship between religion and morality. The Crito discusses the citizen's obligation to the state, in the context of a life-or-death issue confronting Socrates himself - whether or not to escape from prison.David Gallop's Introduction provides a stimulating philosophical and historical analysis of these texts, complemented by useful explanatory notes and an index of names, to make this edition invaluable to readers new to these timeless classics.

The Braggart Soldier

`the fates ordained the founding of this great city and the beginning of the world's mightiest empire, second only to the power of the gods'Romulus and Remus, the rape of Lucretia, Horatius at the bridge, the saga of Coriolanus, Cincinnatus called from his farm to save the state - these and many more are stories which, immortalised by Livy in his history of early Rome, have become part ofour cultural heritage.The historian's huge work, written between 20 BC and AD 17, ran to 12 books, beginning with Rome's founding in 753 BC and coming down to Livy's own lifetime (9 BC). Books 1-5 cover the period from Rome's beginnings to her first great foreign conquest,the capture of the Etruscan city of Veii and, a few years later, to her first major defeat, the sack of the city by the Gauls in 390 BC.The complete Livy in English, available in five volumes from Oxford World's Classics.

Translated by Anthony Verity and with introduction and notes by Barbara Graziosi A major new translation of Homer's great epic poem, that out of an episode from the Trojan war encapsulates the great tragedy of war, and the meaning of life and death. Anthony Verity's rendering transmits the directness, power, and dignity of Homer's poetry in an elegant and accurate translation that respects the original line numbers. Barbara Graziosi, an authority on Homeric poetry, offers a full introduction that guides the reader in understanding the composition of the poem, its literary qualities, and the many different contexts in which it was performed and read. Extensive notes offer book-by-book summaries and elucidate difficult words and passages, mythological allusions, references to ancient practices and artefacts, and geographical names. An annotated bibliography offers a succinct guide to further scholarship in English

Translated by John Davie and Edited by Tobias Reinhardt The fullest translation of Seneca's treatises (dialogues and essays) in print, showing the range of Seneca's philosophical interests in its most accessible form. John Davie's translations are modern and readable and reflect Seneca's desire to make Stoic teaching accessible and comprehensible. Tobias Reinhardt's introduction is wide ranging and as well as covering Seneca's career, literary style, and influence,includes a masterly summary of Stoic philosophy and Seneca's interpretation of it. His notes are the fullest of any comparableedition. Seneca's philosophical writings on subjects such as the shortness of life, anger, tranquillity of mind, and consolations for grief on the loss of a loved one, are strikingly applicable to our modern world.'No man is crushed by misfortune unless he has first been deceived by prosperity.'In these dialogues and essays the Stoic philosopher Seneca outlines his thoughts on how to live in a troubled world. Tutor to the young emperor Nero, Seneca wrote exercises in practical philosophy that draw upon contemporary Roman life and illuminate theintellectual concerns of the day. They also have much to say to the modern reader, as Seneca ranges widely across subjects such as the shortness of life, tranquillity of mind, anger, mercy, happiness, and grief at the loss of a loved one. Seneca'saccessible, aphoristic style makes his writing especially attractive as an introduction to Stoic philosophy, and belies its reputation for austerity and dogmatism. This edition combines a clear and modern translation with an introduction to Seneca's lifeand philosophical interests, and helpful notes.