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- a concise but comprehensive survery- Includes suggestions for further study and reading, and a glossary.An account of how meaning is expressed and interpreted in spoken and written texts. The book explains key concepts like context, co-text and schema and explores their relevance to an understanding of how texts are constructed and interpreted. Itdiscusses the relationship between analysis and interpretation with particular reference to the work of critical discourse analysis, and looks at the contribution that corpus linguistics has made to the analysis and interpretation of text. Name of series: Oxford Introductions to Language StudyReadership: university students, teachers, teachers in training, teacher trainers, lecturers

- Gives immediate access to over 2,000 words with difficult spellings, including common mistakes that a spellchecker does not spot

This is an introduction to linguistics, the study of human language. The author provides a succinct but lucid outline of the ways in which language has been defined, described, and explored, and guides readers towards further exploration of their own.

Explains what grammar really is, why languages have to have it, and how different languages exploit it.An introduction by leading grammar expert Michael Swan on the theoretical and pedagogical approaches to grammatical description, the notion of 'universal grammar', the role of grammar in establishing social and educational norms, and the possible futuregrammar of International English.The author shows that grammar need not be tedious at all, but provides fascinating insights into the different ways in which we conceive of the world and communicate with others.

This book provides an accessible introduction to anyone interested in the history of the English language. It outlines the major issues and terminology used in the field of Historical Linguistics, a required part of most university-level language andlinguistics courses, and creates an opening into the field for the new reader.

This book provides a clear and accessible introduction to the main methods of analysing samples of learner language. It examines the theoretical and research bases for the different methods, and thereby serves as an introduction to the field of secondlanguage acquisition research.The book is intended for students on postgraduate courses in TESOL or Applied Linguistics, or for teachers wishing to do action research to find out more about how learners learn language.Readership: Graduate students, teachers, researchers in Applied Linguistics

By drawing on multiple examples of real-world language learning situations, this book explores the subjective aspects of the language learning experience. The author encourages readers to consider language learning from new, diverse, and uniqueperspectives. The book analyses data from a variety of sources, including language memoirs, online data from language learners in chat rooms, and text messaging exchanges. In the analysis of this data, the book looks at the relationship between symbolicform and the development of a multilingual subjectivity

There are several issues in English teaching on which applied linguists take very different positions: e.g. linguistic imperialism, the validity of critical discourse analysis, the pedagogic relevance of corpus descriptions of language, the theoreticalbases of second language acquisition research, the nature of applied linguistics itself. This book presents exchanges between scholars arguing different positions, and directs attention to the key points at issue.

Applied Linguistics investigates real-world problems involving language. As such it has the difficult task of mediating between academic expertise and lived experience, attempting to reconcile opposed interests and perspectives. This clearly writtenintroduction provides a concise but comprehensive overview of the most pressing and controversial issues surrounding contemporary language use today, including intercultural communication, political persuasion, new technologies, the growth of English,language in education, and foreign language teaching and learning.

In the age of the global village and the world wide web, understanding the way in which people learn languages is of ever increasing importance. This book makes the essentials of this rapidly expanding area of study accessible to readers encountering itfor the first time.

This accessible book examines issues such as test design, the rating process, validity, measurement, and the social dimension of language testing. It looks at both traditional and newer forms of language assessment, and the challenges posed by new views.

- Based on extensive research conducted among teachers in Europe, East Asia, and Latin America.- Examines the role of standard language ideology in the formation of ELF attitudes.- Critiques current ELT practices and SLA research perspectives.- Demonstrates links between ELF accent attitudes and ELF identities.- Includes suggestions for making ELT pedagogy, materials, testing, and teacher education more relevant.From the perspective of the speakers themselves, this is the first book to explore attitudes towards ELF in general and ELF accents in particular, their effects on ELF speakers' identities, and ways in which the problems can be addressed in teachereducation, English language testing, and ELT materials.

This is an introduction to pragmatics, the study of how people make sense of each other linguistically. The author explains, and illustrates, basic concepts such as the co-operative principle, deixis, and speech acts, providing a clear, concisefoundation for further study.

Translation is one of the most important cross-linguistic and cross-cultural practices. This short introduction focuses on what you need to know about it: the different perspectives on translation andkey issues such as equivalence in translation,translation evaluation, and the role of translation in language teaching, globalization, and intercultural communication.

- Draws on authors' extensive experience in language teaching and assessment.- Takes into account the most recent developments in research in applied linguistics, language teaching, and language assessment.- Illustrative test development projects guide readers through the process.- Additional website material accompanies the book.Presents an innovative, unified, and easily applied approach to designing and developing language assessments.Language Assessment in Practice is a follow-up to the bestselling Language Testing in Practice. It allows readers to become competent in the design, development, and use of language assessments. The authors discuss concepts and procedures clearly,illustrated with examples.

Recent social and political changes have focused attention on the debate about the relationship between language and culture. This book offers an accessible survey of key concepts such as social context and cultural authenticity, using insights fromfields which include linguistics, sociology and anthropology.

Second Language Learning in the Early School Years: Trends and Contexts provides a detailed exploration of second language learning in the early years, examining past and present research evidence onbilingualism, second language, and foreign language learning in childhood, and arguing that young children can learn multiple languages without adverse effect on their overall language development in any of their languages.

This is an attempt to redraw the boundaries of foreign language study. It focuses attention not just on cultural knowledge as a necessary aspect of communicative competence, but as an educational objective in its own right, as an end as well as a meansof language learning.

Professor Stern puts applied linguistics research into its historical and interdisciplinary perspective. He gives an authoritative survey of past developments worldwide and establishes a set of guidelines for the future. There are six parts: Clearing theGround, Historical Perspectives, Concepts of Language, Concepts of Society, Concepts of Language Learning, and Concepts of Language Teaching.

This book has two related purposes. The first is to demonstrate the extent and importance of language play in human life

- A short, accessible introduction to this key area of language study by a respected expert in the field.- Describes some of the creative processes by which new senses develop for words and phrases.- Informs the reader about current thinking and acts as a guide for further enquiry.Semantics looks at what words are and how they have multiple meanings and forms. It discusses groupings of lexical items, approaches to analysing the semantic structure of words, and the relationship of meanings to syntactic structure.Readership: Teachers, linguistics students, or lay readers

The Psychology of Second Language Acquisition offers a systematic and accessible overview of the main psychological areas and theories in order to keep abreast of the ongoing paradigm shift. Readers will find succinct and up-to-date descriptions of awide range of psycholinguistic and neuropsychological topics such as language and the brain

Learners who cannot decode alphabetic script have been left out of the SLA research enterprise, at considerable cost to our understanding of the human capacity for language learning. This book offers research evidence documenting the significant impactof low literacy skill on adolescents' processing of oral L2 input and acquisition. Together with a large body of closely related research in cognitive psychology, the findings lead to a startling conclusion: language processing skills that have beenassumed to be universal human traits appear instead to be a product of learners' experience with alphabetic print literacy.

- Provides a unique and timely re-examination of key issues such as strategies in context, strategy instruction, and strategy research methods by numerous experts in the field.- Offers an invaluable overview of what is known from empirical research about listening, reading, speaking, writing, vocabulary, and grammar strategies.- Proposes a clear and focused research agenda for the next decades.Research into language learner strategies has the fundamental goal of improving the teaching and learning of second languages. This book explores the notion that the reason some learners of second languages excel and others struggle lies in what thelearners themselves do-the strategies they bring to language learning and to language use.

Sociolinguistics is the study of the different ways in which different groups of people use language. This book provides a brief but comprehensive introduction to the field, making links with related disciplines such as history, politics, and genderstudies.