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- a concise but comprehensive survery- Includes suggestions for further study and reading, and a glossary.An account of how meaning is expressed and interpreted in spoken and written texts. The book explains key concepts like context, co-text and schema and explores their relevance to an understanding of how texts are constructed and interpreted. Itdiscusses the relationship between analysis and interpretation with particular reference to the work of critical discourse analysis, and looks at the contribution that corpus linguistics has made to the analysis and interpretation of text. Name of series: Oxford Introductions to Language StudyReadership: university students, teachers, teachers in training, teacher trainers, lecturers

- Gives immediate access to over 2,000 words with difficult spellings, including common mistakes that a spellchecker does not spot

This is an introduction to linguistics, the study of human language. The author provides a succinct but lucid outline of the ways in which language has been defined, described, and explored, and guides readers towards further exploration of their own.

Second Language Learning in the Early School Years: Trends and Contexts provides a detailed exploration of second language learning in the early years, examining past and present research evidence onbilingualism, second language, and foreign language learning in childhood, and arguing that young children can learn multiple languages without adverse effect on their overall language development in any of their languages.

Explains what grammar really is, why languages have to have it, and how different languages exploit it.An introduction by leading grammar expert Michael Swan on the theoretical and pedagogical approaches to grammatical description, the notion of 'universal grammar', the role of grammar in establishing social and educational norms, and the possible futuregrammar of International English.The author shows that grammar need not be tedious at all, but provides fascinating insights into the different ways in which we conceive of the world and communicate with others.

Translation is one of the most important cross-linguistic and cross-cultural practices. This short introduction focuses on what you need to know about it: the different perspectives on translation andkey issues such as equivalence in translation,translation evaluation, and the role of translation in language teaching, globalization, and intercultural communication.

Professor Stern puts applied linguistics research into its historical and interdisciplinary perspective. He gives an authoritative survey of past developments worldwide and establishes a set of guidelines for the future. There are six parts: Clearing theGround, Historical Perspectives, Concepts of Language, Concepts of Society, Concepts of Language Learning, and Concepts of Language Teaching.

This book provides a clear and accessible introduction to the main methods of analysing samples of learner language. It examines the theoretical and research bases for the different methods, and thereby serves as an introduction to the field of secondlanguage acquisition research.The book is intended for students on postgraduate courses in TESOL or Applied Linguistics, or for teachers wishing to do action research to find out more about how learners learn language.Readership: Graduate students, teachers, researchers in Applied Linguistics

This book provides an accessible introduction to anyone interested in the history of the English language. It outlines the major issues and terminology used in the field of Historical Linguistics, a required part of most university-level language andlinguistics courses, and creates an opening into the field for the new reader.

This collection of papers examines the relationship between the teaching of language and the teaching of literature to non-native students. The book attempts to identify key theoretical issues and principles as a basis for further discussion.

- Based on extensive research conducted among teachers in Europe, East Asia, and Latin America.- Examines the role of standard language ideology in the formation of ELF attitudes.- Critiques current ELT practices and SLA research perspectives.- Demonstrates links between ELF accent attitudes and ELF identities.- Includes suggestions for making ELT pedagogy, materials, testing, and teacher education more relevant.From the perspective of the speakers themselves, this is the first book to explore attitudes towards ELF in general and ELF accents in particular, their effects on ELF speakers' identities, and ways in which the problems can be addressed in teachereducation, English language testing, and ELT materials.

By drawing on multiple examples of real-world language learning situations, this book explores the subjective aspects of the language learning experience. The author encourages readers to consider language learning from new, diverse, and uniqueperspectives. The book analyses data from a variety of sources, including language memoirs, online data from language learners in chat rooms, and text messaging exchanges. In the analysis of this data, the book looks at the relationship between symbolicform and the development of a multilingual subjectivity

This accessible book examines issues such as test design, the rating process, validity, measurement, and the social dimension of language testing. It looks at both traditional and newer forms of language assessment, and the challenges posed by new views.

Applied Linguistics investigates real-world problems involving language. As such it has the difficult task of mediating between academic expertise and lived experience, attempting to reconcile opposed interests and perspectives. This clearly writtenintroduction provides a concise but comprehensive overview of the most pressing and controversial issues surrounding contemporary language use today, including intercultural communication, political persuasion, new technologies, the growth of English,language in education, and foreign language teaching and learning.

This is an introduction to pragmatics, the study of how people make sense of each other linguistically. The author explains, and illustrates, basic concepts such as the co-operative principle, deixis, and speech acts, providing a clear, concisefoundation for further study.

There are several issues in English teaching on which applied linguists take very different positions: e.g. linguistic imperialism, the validity of critical discourse analysis, the pedagogic relevance of corpus descriptions of language, the theoreticalbases of second language acquisition research, the nature of applied linguistics itself. This book presents exchanges between scholars arguing different positions, and directs attention to the key points at issue.

In the age of the global village and the world wide web, understanding the way in which people learn languages is of ever increasing importance. This book makes the essentials of this rapidly expanding area of study accessible to readers encountering itfor the first time.

Recent social and political changes have focused attention on the debate about the relationship between language and culture. This book offers an accessible survey of key concepts such as social context and cultural authenticity, using insights fromfields which include linguistics, sociology and anthropology.

This book has two related purposes. The first is to demonstrate the extent and importance of language play in human life

This book provides an innovative analysis of English grammar in the spoken form. Hitherto, most grammars of English have relied heavily on the written language, and this excludes much normal spoken discourse. This work offers an alternative view of thestructure of spoken English based on naturally-occurring language data. A Grammar of Speech has relevance for many areas related to linguistics, such as Artificial Intelligence, computational linguistics, and machine translation. First Prize EnglishSpeaking Union's Duke of Edinburgh Book Competition

Learners who cannot decode alphabetic script have been left out of the SLA research enterprise, at considerable cost to our understanding of the human capacity for language learning. This book offers research evidence documenting the significant impactof low literacy skill on adolescents' processing of oral L2 input and acquisition. Together with a large body of closely related research in cognitive psychology, the findings lead to a startling conclusion: language processing skills that have beenassumed to be universal human traits appear instead to be a product of learners' experience with alphabetic print literacy.

Sociolinguistics is the study of the different ways in which different groups of people use language. This book provides a brief but comprehensive introduction to the field, making links with related disciplines such as history, politics, and genderstudies.

- Provides a unique and timely re-examination of key issues such as strategies in context, strategy instruction, and strategy research methods by numerous experts in the field.- Offers an invaluable overview of what is known from empirical research about listening, reading, speaking, writing, vocabulary, and grammar strategies.- Proposes a clear and focused research agenda for the next decades.Research into language learner strategies has the fundamental goal of improving the teaching and learning of second languages. This book explores the notion that the reason some learners of second languages excel and others struggle lies in what thelearners themselves do-the strategies they bring to language learning and to language use.

A groundbreaking reconsideration of translation in English language teaching, this book is a survey and critical assessment of arguments for and against translation in different teaching contexts. This book proposes translation as one of a numberof ways of relating English to students own languages. It surveys the contexts of monolingual and bilingual teaching and discusses the different uses and roles of translation and bilingualisation for different stages and ages of learning and fordifferent purposes, e.g. explanation, practice, and testing. Establishing a new direction in practice and research, it goes on to suggest and discuss ways in which translation might be incorporated into materials, curriculum development, and teachereducation.The book presents translation as: An aid to language acquisition, pedagogy, and testing.A contribution to student needs, rights, and empowerment.An educational insight into relationships between languages

- Contains eighteen academic and pedagogical articles and seven satirical pieces.- Brings Michael Swan's best known and most widely cited articles together in a single book for the first time. This creates a unique and valuable resource both for people already familiar with these articles and for those discovering them through thiscollection.- Articles were all originally published in leading journals such as Applied Linguistics and the English Language Teaching Journal- All articles are published in their original form, but each one has an introduction by the author written specifically for this book, giving readers a historical and personal perspective on the topics discussed.- Suitable for a wide audience, including teacher trainers, practising and trainee teachers, as well as academics and researchers.A selection of Michael Swan's best known published articles on the theory and practice of teaching English as a foreign language.

This book explores the relationship between research, teaching, and tasks, and seeks to clarify the issues raised by recent work in this field. The book shows how research and task-based teaching can mutually inform each other and illuminate the areas oftask-based course design, methodology, and assessment. The author brings an accessible style and broad scope to an area of contemporary importance to both SLA and language pedagogy.

This book deals with the study of style in language, how styles can be recognized, and their features. It examines how style is used in literary and non-literary texts, and how familiarity with style is a matter of socialization. The author alsodiscusses the relationship between text and discourse, the production and reception of meaning as a dynamic contextualized interaction, the question of perspective and the variable representation of reality, and how stylistics can complement literarycriticism. The final chapter deals with social reading and ideological positioning, including some thoughts on feminist stylistics and critical discourse analysis.Readership: Teachers, trainee teachers, students of linguistics and literature, and teacher educators. Ideal for undergraduate university courses and pre-reading on MA courses.